{"id":1346,"date":"2016-07-25T19:22:15","date_gmt":"2016-07-25T13:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/?p=1346"},"modified":"2020-10-19T17:08:52","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:38:52","slug":"indian-english-prepone-pukka-word","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/indian-english-prepone-pukka-word\/","title":{"rendered":"In Defense of Indian English: Why Prepone is a Pukka Word"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>India has about 125 million people who speak English. \u00a0The number is much greater if you consider those who have at least a working knowledge of English. As is the case worldwide, English has picked up assorted words and expressions from various Indian languages and been bent into localized versions.<\/p>\n<p>If you live in India, you would have inevitably experienced one such version. \u00a0It may be so ingrained in you that you may not even realize how different it is from English spoken elsewhere. \u00a0Usage, such as the poem below, may appear normal to the average Indian, but downright comical to those with &#8220;refined&#8221; ears.<\/p>\n<h2>What is your good name, please?<\/h2>\n<p>What is your good name, please?<br \/>\nI am remembering we used to be neighbours<br \/>\nin Hindu Colony ten fifteen years before.<br \/>\nNever mind. \u00a0What do you know?<br \/>\nYou are in service, isn&#8217;t it?<br \/>\nI am Matric fail. \u00a0Self-employed.<br \/>\nOnly last year I celebrated my marriage.<br \/>\nIt was inter-caste. \u00a0Now I am not able<br \/>\nto make the two ends meet.<br \/>\nCost of living is going up and up everyday.<br \/>\nSugar, for example, is costing much.<br \/>\nI am eschewing sugar therefore since last two months.<br \/>\nAlso I am diabetes. \u00a0It is good, no?<br \/>\nExcuse me, please, where are you putting up?<br \/>\nNever mind, you will be coming to my place<br \/>\none day surely, I am hoping.<br \/>\nNot to disappoint.<br \/>\nYou are Madrasi, no? \u00a0How I make out?<br \/>\nAll Madrasis talking English language wonderfully.<br \/>\nI am knowing intimately one Srijut Dandayudhapani<br \/>\nfrom Brahmanwada.<br \/>\nHe is foreign-returned from U.K.<br \/>\nPronounciation is A1, I am telling you.<br \/>\nSome people are lucky.<br \/>\nHe is officer in State Bank, drawing Rs. 2,000.<br \/>\nWe are always discussing about politics.<br \/>\nCongress government I am saying<br \/>\nis still best for delivering goods.<br \/>\nWhat you opine?<br \/>\nBeg pardon, I am going.<br \/>\nI am forgetting to go to Gandhi Market<br \/>\nfor purchasing the Aspro<br \/>\nSince today morning I am suffering<br \/>\nfrom headache pain.<br \/>\nI am taking your leave, yes, for the time.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014R. Parthasarathy<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Linguists would expound on the various ways in which Indian English may differ from the Queen&#8217;s English. \u00a0For example, Manfred Gorlach, in &#8220;Text Types and the History of English,&#8221; lists the following common deviations, which you may have observed in the above poem.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tense and aspect confusion<\/li>\n<li>irregular use of articles<\/li>\n<li>invariable tags (<em>isn&#8217;t it? no?<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>questions marked by the intonation, <em>only<\/em><\/li>\n<li>pleonastic uses (<em>headache pain, discussing about<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>local idioms (<em>inter-caste, matric fail, foreign-returned, put up<\/em>), and wrong uses of British English idioms (<em>make the two ends meet<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>erudite diction (<em>eschew, opine, purchase<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let&#8217;s face it, you may have used or even laughed at the following common expressions:<\/p>\n<h2>1. Kindly do the needful<\/h2>\n<p>This phrase came so naturally to me that I became aware of its being peculiar to India only when I was given this blog post assignment. \u00a0And why not? \u00a0It was what we are taught to write in schools and it should come as no surprise that the\u00a0phrase even appears in Indian books on letter writing!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1581\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1581\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1581 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/kindly-do-the-needful.png\" alt=\"Kindly do the needful\" width=\"576\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/kindly-do-the-needful.png 576w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/kindly-do-the-needful-300x109.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1581\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Dynamic Memory Self Letter Drafting Course, by Biswaroop Roy Chowdhury<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u00a02. I am going to my native<\/h2>\n<p>Short for native place, which is the Indian version of hometown, or where one&#8217;s family is from.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1437\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1437\" style=\"width: 513px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1437 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Going-to-my-native-place.png\" alt=\"Going to my native place\" width=\"513\" height=\"88\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Going-to-my-native-place.png 513w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Going-to-my-native-place-300x51.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1437\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Shadows of the Loving Hearts, by Harshini Kumar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>3. What is your good name?<\/h2>\n<p>It&#8217;s considered polite to ask people what their &#8216;good&#8217; name is. \u00a0&#8216;What&#8217;s your name?&#8217; sounds rude and like an\u00a0interrogation. \u00a0 The phrase is probably a transliteration of the Hindi question, &#8220;<em>Aap ka shubh naam kya hai<\/em>?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1445\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/good-name.png\" alt=\"good name\" width=\"193\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/good-name.png 193w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/good-name-160x300.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 193px) 100vw, 193px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>4. I want to do friendship with you<\/h2>\n<p>This may be the most annoying one on our list if you were to ask young Indian women and how they get propositioned online. \u00a0This expression, like the previous one, derives from a transliteration. \u00a0Blame it on the Hindi expression, &#8220;<em>Mujhe dosti karoge<\/em>?&#8221; (&#8220;Would you do friendship with me?&#8221;)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1438\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1438\" style=\"width: 684px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1438 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/I-want-to-do-friendship-with-you.png\" alt=\"I want to do friendship with you\" width=\"684\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/I-want-to-do-friendship-with-you.png 684w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/I-want-to-do-friendship-with-you-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1438\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Love @ 13500 Ft- By Deepanshu Saini<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>5. There is no current<\/h2>\n<p>When there is a blackout, you might say, &#8220;We&#8217;ve lost electricity.&#8221; \u00a0Or even, &#8220;There is no power.&#8221; \u00a0What most Indians say is, &#8220;There is no current.&#8221; \u00a0They may know &#8220;electricity,&#8221; but it&#8217;s always been &#8220;current.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Even the foreign-returned ones adapt and say, &#8220;There is no current,&#8221; just to be understood. \u00a0After all, it&#8217;s about being pragmatic. \u00a0When you&#8217;re literally in the dark, it is not the right time to be giving illuminating English lessons to those in the dark.<\/p>\n<h2>6. No mention<\/h2>\n<p>Said as a reply to someone thanking them, &#8220;No mention&#8221;\u00a0is a contraction of &#8220;Don&#8217;t mention it [thank you].&#8221; \u00a0Think of it as a polite, energy-efficient way of saying, &#8220;No need to thank me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1451\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1451\" style=\"width: 598px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1451 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/No-Mention-1.png\" alt=\"No Mention\" width=\"598\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/No-Mention-1.png 598w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/No-Mention-1-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Thanks to My Killer Wife: The World&#8217;s True Story, by Muhammad Raza<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>7. Eating my head<\/h2>\n<p>If only I earned a rupee for every time I heard a teacher use that expression, I&#8217;d never have needed pocket money. \u00a0 It is one more expression borrowed from an Indian language. \u00a0(Hindi: &#8220;Sar kha rahaa hai&#8221;)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1452\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1452\" style=\"width: 583px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1452 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Eating-My-Head-1.png\" alt=\"Eating My Head\" width=\"583\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Eating-My-Head-1.png 583w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Eating-My-Head-1-300x77.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Pink Sari Revolution: A Tale of Women and Power in the Badlands of India, by Amana Fontanella-Khan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>8. Timepass<\/h2>\n<p>It may surprise many Indians, but timepass is\u00a0not (yet) an officially recognized English word. \u00a0Nevertheless, the word is deeply\u00a0entrenched in our vocabulary.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1441\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1441\" style=\"width: 587px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1441 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Timepass-Edited.png\" alt=\"Timepass Edited\" width=\"587\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Timepass-Edited.png 587w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Timepass-Edited-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Timepass-Edited-177x118.png 177w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1441\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Contemporary Indian English: Variation and Change, by Andreas Sedlatschek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>9. Cooling glasses<\/h2>\n<p>Ah, it&#8217;s so satisfying thinking how many of us have fallen prey to this usage. \u00a0Our favorite sunglasses from childhood, adoringly called cooling glasses. \u00a0What a creative\u00a0expression, conveying both that the glasses keep your eyes cool and also make you look cool.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1442\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1442\" style=\"width: 603px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1442 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Cooling-glass-edited.png\" alt=\"Cooling glass \" width=\"603\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Cooling-glass-edited.png 603w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Cooling-glass-edited-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1442\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Outlook, 20 Oct 2006<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>10. Out of station<\/h2>\n<p>Po-tay-to. \u00a0Po-tah-to.<\/p>\n<p>Out of town. \u00a0Out of station.<\/p>\n<p>Same thing. \u00a0Get used to it.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1436\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1436\" style=\"width: 667px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1436 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Out-of-station-edited.png\" alt=\"Out of station edited\" width=\"667\" height=\"171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Out-of-station-edited.png 667w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Out-of-station-edited-300x77.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1436\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: India Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments, by IBP USA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now for some food for thought. Many of us have laughed at the usage of the above phrases or have been corrected for using them. What exactly is it that makes them \u201cwrong\u201d? Is it merely that the British don\u2019t use them? Granted that it is their language, but every language over the course of history has had to adapt to the needs of its newest speakers when it spread. Following Darwinian theories, if it didn\u2019t adapt, it would die. Much like the grass that survived the storm that felled the great oak, languages have to bend and go with the flow. They pick up new words and idioms, old words pick up new meanings, and take on a life of their own.\u00a0 While some are simply transliterations, others are instances of the language adapting to the local environment.\u00a0 That isn&#8217;t reason for them to be looked down upon or laughed at.<\/p>\n<p>The British, while they have popularized their language everywhere, have surprisingly retained the control over what&#8217;s kosher and what&#8217;s not. They hold the reins and dictate what&#8217;s acceptable and what is not. Words like pukka have found their way into the dictionary because the English adopted it, and not because millions of Indians used it as part of their language everyday. Even more remarkably, they have managed to create a stigma of inferiority about anything that is not accepted as part of the Queen&#8217;s English, regardless of how widespread the usage is.<br \/>\nNative English speakers brand anyone who doesn\u2019t speak their version of the language as speaking improper English, and it is often an object of amusement for them.<\/p>\n<p>It is illogical that scientific and professional communities (often groups of no more than thousands) are allowed to create a whole new vocabulary and have them accepted into the fold, while ethno-cultural groups (of even millions) are not.<\/p>\n<p>Read on for an example of how, after\u00a0decades of use by millions of Indians, one creative word\u00a0was grudgingly\u00a0accepted into the OED.<\/p>\n<h2>Prepone<\/h2>\n<p>It&#8217;s a shame that it took long for <em>prepone<\/em> to gain legitimacy. Even greater shame that I still can&#8217;t type prepone without its getting underlined in red. The next time one of those oh-so-smart English speakers corrects your usage of prepone or, for that matter, any word\/expression from Indian English, forward the following eloquent passage to them.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1583\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1583\" style=\"width: 507px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1583 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/prepone-world-englishes.png\" alt=\"Prepone\" width=\"507\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/prepone-world-englishes.png 507w, https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/prepone-world-englishes-249x300.png 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1583\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Horrible English: A Guide to the Misuse of English<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>And even after this minor victory, prepone still carries the stigma of being \u201cimproper\u201d English in India, because it was created locally, and not imported from England. It\u2019s time we shook off our colonial hangover and started respecting our identity. We can take a leaf out of the Americans\u2019 book, who simply created their own spellings, words, and expressions in the same language and don&#8217;t look to the Brits for approval. Why, I&#8217;d love to see the day when Indians mock the British for <em>their <\/em>quaint, stuffy version of the language.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Featured image courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/Indians engaged in catching up with the news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Adam Cohn<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Editor&#8217;s note:<\/p>\n<p>Indians also have distinct gestures and hand movements that often confuse westerners and lead to misinterpretations of the gestures. Read about them here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jodi365.com\/singledout\/indian-gestures-and-their-meanings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 Indian Gestures and Their Meanings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India has about 125 million people who speak English. \u00a0The number is much greater if you consider those who have at least a working knowledge of English. As is the case worldwide, English has picked up assorted words and expressions from various Indian languages and been bent into localized versions. If you live in India, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":1759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>In Defense of Indian English: Why Prepone is a Pukka Word | SingledOut by Jodi365.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Think it&#039;s OK to postdate a cheque but not to prepone a meeting? Understand that languages evolve. 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